| Treaty of Peace between the Allied Powers and Austria | |
|---|---|
| Signed | 10 September 1919 |
| Location | Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France |
| Effective | 16 July 1920 |
| Condition | Ratification by Austria and three Principal Allied Powers. |
| Signatories | Austria
|
| Depositary | French Government |
| Languages | French, English, Italian |
| Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye at Wikisource | |
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new Republic of Austria on the other. Like the Treaty of Versailles with Germany, it contained the Covenant of the League of Nations and as a result was not ratified by the United States.
The treaty declared that the Austro-Hungarian Empire was to be dissolved. The new Republic of Austria, consisting of most of the German-speaking Alpine part of the former Austrian Empire, but not the German-speaking Sudetenland, nor South Tyrol, recognized the independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. The treaty included 'war reparations' of large sums of money, directed towards the allies, to pay for the costs of the war.
Austria was reduced not only by the loss of crownlands incorporated into the newly created states of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia (the “successor states”) but by the cession of the southern half of the County of Tyrol (today the provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol), Trieste, Istria and several Dalmatian islands to Italy and the cession of Bukovina to Romania. In total, it lost land to Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Romania, and Italy. Burgenland, previously a part of Hungary, was awarded to Austria.
An important article of the treaty required Austria to refrain from directly or indirectly compromising its independence, which meant that Austria could not enter into political or economic union with Germany without the agreement of the council of the League of Nations. Accordingly, the new republic's initial self-chosen name of German Austria (Deutschösterreich) had to be changed to Austria. Many Austrians would come to find this term harsh, due to Austria's later economic weakness, which was caused by loss of land. The economic weakness of Austria would later lead to support for the idea of Anschluss (political union) with Nazi Germany.
The Austrian Army was limited to a force of 30,000 volunteers. There were numerous provisions dealing with Danubian navigation, the transfer of railways, and other details involved in the breakup of a great empire into several small independent states. The Treaty of Trianon in June 1920 between Hungary and the Allies completed the disposition of the former Dual Monarchy.
The vast reduction of population, territory and resources of the new Austria relative to the old empire wreaked havoc on the economy of the old nation, most notably in Vienna, an imperial capital without an empire to support it.
The treaty signing ceremony took place at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[1]
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